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Multirole combat aircraft
A multirole combat aircraft is a jet powered combat aircraft intended to perform different roles in combat.〔(Military-Dictionary.org ); both (Wiktionary ) and Cambridge Dictionary only list "multirole", and not "multi-role".〕 A multirole fighter is a multirole combat aircraft which is, at the same time, also a fighter aircraft; in other words, an aircraft whose various roles include, among others, the role of air-to-air combat.
==History==
The first use of the term was by the multinational European project named Multi-Role Combat Aircraft, which was formed in 1968 to produce an aircraft capable of tactical strike, aerial reconnaissance, air defense, and maritime roles. The design was aimed to replace a multitude of different types in the cooperating air forces. The project produced the Panavia Tornado, which used the same basic design to undertake a variety of roles, the Tornado IDS (Interdictor/Strike) variant and later the Panavia Tornado ADV (Air Defence Variant).
Although the term "multirole aircraft" may be relatively novel, certain airframes in history have proven versatile to multiple roles. In particular the Ju 88 was renowned in Germany for being a "jack-of-all-trades", capable of performing as a bomber, dive bomber, fighter, night fighter, and so on, much as the British de Havilland Mosquito did as a fast bomber/strike aircraft, reconnaissance, and night fighter. The USAF F-4 Phantom II built by McDonnell-Douglas also fits the definition of a Multi-Role aircraft in its various configurations of the basic airframe design. The various F-4 Phantom II configurations were used in air-to air, fighter bomber, reconnaissance, and suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) mission roles to name a few. The newest fighter jet to actually meet the definition of 'Multi-role' is the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. It can perform ground and naval strike, and fighter roles. The Growler variant of the Super Hornet is also electronic warfare capable, jamming the enemy's radar.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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